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1000-1027 - (Early Islamic Conquest) Mahmud of Ghazni
Tarikh-i-Yamini, an important source for Mahmud’s reign, was written by:
A. Firdausi
B. Al-Utbi
C. Al-Biruni
D. Ibn Battuta
Correct Answer: B
Al-Utbi wrote Tarikh-i-Yamini, which describes the early Ghaznavids and Mahmud’s campaigns.
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1000-1027 - (Early Islamic Conquest) Mahmud of Ghazni
Which scholar at Mahmud’s court wrote Kitab al-Hind?
A. Al-Biruni
B. Amir Khusrau
C. Ziauddin Barani
D. Minhaj-us-Siraj
Correct Answer: A
Al-Biruni studied Indian religion, philosophy, sciences and society and recorded his observations in Kitab al-Hind.
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1000-1027 - (Early Islamic Conquest) Mahmud of Ghazni
Somnath was located in which region?
A. Bengal
B. Gujarat
C. Punjab
D. Sindh
Correct Answer: B
Somnath lies on the Saurashtra coast of Gujarat. Its wealth made it a major target of Mahmud’s late Indian campaign.
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1000-1027 - (Early Islamic Conquest) Mahmud of Ghazni
Mahmud’s campaign against Somnath took place mainly in:
A. 1010–1011
B. 1018–1019
C. 1025–1026
D. 1029–1030
Correct Answer: C
The famous Somnath campaign occurred in 1025–1026. Somnath was a wealthy temple and pilgrimage centre in Gujarat.
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1000-1027 - (Early Islamic Conquest) Mahmud of Ghazni
The battle of Waihind or Chach is mainly associated with Mahmud’s victory over:
A. Anandapala and his allies
B. Bhima I of Gujarat
C. Rajyapala of Kannauj
D. The ruler of Multan
Correct Answer: A
Mahmud defeated a confederacy led by Anandapala near Waihind/Chach around 1008, dealing a decisive blow to Hindu Shahi power.
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1000-1027 - (Early Islamic Conquest) Mahmud of Ghazni
Who succeeded Jayapala as the principal Hindu Shahi opponent of Mahmud?
A. Prithviraj Chauhan
B. Anandapala
C. Jaichand
D. Raja Dahir
Correct Answer: B
Anandapala, Jayapala’s son, organized resistance against Mahmud but was defeated in the battle commonly associated with Waihind.
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1000-1027 - (Early Islamic Conquest) Mahmud of Ghazni
Mahmud’s first major victory against the Hindu Shahis in 1001 was over which ruler?
A. Anandapala
B. Jayapala
C. Trilochanapala
D. Bhima I
Correct Answer: B
Mahmud defeated the Hindu Shahi ruler Jayapala near Peshawar in 1001, weakening the north-western defence of the subcontinent.
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1000-1027 - (Early Islamic Conquest) Mahmud of Ghazni
Which city served as the capital and cultural centre of Mahmud’s empire?
A. Lahore
B. Delhi
C. Ghazni
D. Multan
Correct Answer: C
Ghazni was Mahmud’s capital. He enriched it through conquest and patronage, making it an important political and cultural centre.
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1000-1027 - (Early Islamic Conquest) Mahmud of Ghazni
Who was the father of Mahmud of Ghazni?
A. Alptigin
B. Sabuktigin
C. Muhammad Ghori
D. Masud
Correct Answer: B
Mahmud was the son of Sabuktigin, a former Turkish slave commander who established Ghaznavid power at Ghazni.
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1000-1027 - (Early Islamic Conquest) Mahmud of Ghazni
What was the actual reign period of Mahmud of Ghazni?
A. 977–997
B. 998–1030
C. 1000–1027
D. 1030–1040
Correct Answer: B
Mahmud ruled the Ghaznavid Empire from 998 to 1030. The years 1000–1027 are commonly used for his major Indian campaigns, not his complete reign.
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1000-1027 - (Early Islamic Conquest) Mahmud of Ghazni
Mahmud of Ghazni belonged to which dynasty?
A. Ghurid
B. Ghaznavid
C. Lodi
D. Khalji
Correct Answer: B
Mahmud was the most celebrated ruler of the Ghaznavid dynasty, which was based at Ghazni in present-day Afghanistan.
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Ayub Khan
A balanced assessment of Ayub's rule recognizes
A. Economic modernization alongside authoritarianism and inequality
B. Only democracy
C. No development
D. No political opposition
Correct Answer: A
His era combined growth and institutional development with political restriction and regional imbalance.
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Ayub Khan
The U-2 incident of 1960 involved a US aircraft linked to a base near
A. Peshawar
B. Karachi
C. Quetta
D. Dhaka
Correct Answer: A
The Soviet Union criticized Pakistan over US use of facilities near Peshawar.
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Ayub Khan
Pakistan joined SEATO and CENTO before Ayub's presidency, but under him these alliances were
A. Important features of foreign policy
B. Immediately abolished in 1958
C. Converted into the UN
D. Directed by India
Correct Answer: A
Pakistan remained embedded in Western-sponsored security alliances.
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Ayub Khan
Pakistan established close relations with China notably after the
A. 1963 boundary agreement
B. 1956 constitution
C. Tashkent only
D. 1971 war
Correct Answer: A
The Sino-Pakistan Boundary Agreement was signed in 1963.
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Ayub Khan
Ayub Khan is buried near
A. Rehana, Haripur
B. Mazar-e-Quaid
C. Lahore Fort
D. Islamabad's Faisal Mosque
Correct Answer: A
He was buried in his native village area.
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Ayub Khan
Ayub Khan died in
A. 1974
B. 1969
C. 1971
D. 1980
Correct Answer: A
He died on 19 April 1974.
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Ayub Khan
The transfer to Yahya Khan was constitutionally controversial because power should have passed to the
A. Speaker of the National Assembly
B. Chief Justice
C. Foreign minister
D. Governor of Punjab
Correct Answer: A
Under the 1962 Constitution, the speaker was the designated successor.
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Ayub Khan
Ayub Khan handed power to
A. General Yahya Khan
B. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
C. Sheikh Mujib
D. Iskander Mirza
Correct Answer: A
Army chief Yahya Khan imposed martial law.
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Ayub Khan
Ayub Khan resigned on
A. 25 March 1969
B. 27 October 1958
C. 10 January 1966
D. 7 December 1970
Correct Answer: A
He transferred power to Yahya Khan.