CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Alexander von Humboldt is strongly associated with:
A. Cadastral law
B. Empirical physical geography and the unity of nature
C. Environmental determinism only
D. Electoral geography
Correct Answer: B
Humboldt emphasized field observation, measurement, comparison, and interconnections in nature.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Immanuel Kant's role in geographic thought included:
A. Creating the Mercator projection
B. Discovering plate tectonics
C. Teaching geography and emphasizing its organization of phenomena in space
D. Inventing GIS
Correct Answer: C
Kant lectured on physical geography and contrasted geography's spatial organization with history's temporal organization.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Varenius distinguished broadly between:
A. Physical and chemical geography only
B. Raster and vector data
C. Latitude and longitude only
D. General geography and special/regional geography
Correct Answer: D
His framework separated general principles from descriptions of particular regions.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Bernhardus Varenius is known for the work:
A. Geographia Generalis
B. Kosmos
C. Anthropogeographie
D. The Nature of Geography
Correct Answer: A
Varenius' 17th-century Geographia Generalis helped systematize general geography.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
The term 'atlas' for a collection of maps became strongly associated with:
A. Ratzel
B. Gerardus Mercator
C. Eratosthenes
D. Humboldt
Correct Answer: B
Mercator's posthumous map collection used 'Atlas' in its title, helping establish the term.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Gerardus Mercator is best known for:
A. The geoid concept
B. The quantitative revolution
C. The Mercator map projection
D. The first census
Correct Answer: C
Mercator introduced his conformal cylindrical projection in 1569 for navigation.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
The European Age of Exploration expanded geographic knowledge mainly through:
A. Ending mapmaking
B. Replacing navigation with astrology
C. Eliminating regional description
D. Long-distance voyages, mapping, and contact with previously unknown regions to Europeans
Correct Answer: D
Exploration from the 15th century onward greatly expanded European geographic information and cartographic coverage.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Ibn Khaldun contributed ideas relevant to geography through his analysis of:
A. Society, environment, settlement, and civilization
B. Satellite orbits
C. Contour intervals
D. Map projections only
Correct Answer: A
Ibn Khaldun examined relationships among environment, economy, settlement, and social organization.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Ibn Battuta is especially significant to geographic knowledge because of his:
A. GIS software
B. Extensive travels and detailed accounts of regions and societies
C. Map projection formulas
D. Satellite images
Correct Answer: B
Ibn Battuta's travels across Africa, Asia, and Europe preserved valuable geographic and cultural observations.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Al-Biruni made major contributions to:
A. Only cultural geography
B. Only map printing
C. Mathematical geography and measurement of Earth's radius
D. Only political geography
Correct Answer: C
Al-Biruni used astronomical and geometric methods to determine coordinates and estimate Earth's radius.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Al-Idrisi's famous 12th-century world map is commonly known as:
A. Geographia
B. Kosmos
C. Atlas Maior
D. Tabula Rogeriana
Correct Answer: D
The Tabula Rogeriana was created for King Roger II of Sicily.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
The medieval Muslim scholar Al-Idrisi is famous for:
A. A detailed world map and geographic work for Roger II of Sicily
B. Inventing the Mercator projection
C. Creating UTM
D. Developing plate tectonics
Correct Answer: A
Al-Idrisi produced the Tabula Rogeriana and an extensive geographic description in the 12th century.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Ptolemy contributed importantly to:
A. Modern GPS
B. Coordinate-based cartography and map projection methods
C. Feminist geography
D. Remote sensing
Correct Answer: B
Ptolemy systematized latitude-longitude coordinates and described projection methods.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Ptolemy's major geographic work is called:
A. Politische Geographie
B. The Nature of Geography
C. Geographia
D. Kosmos
Correct Answer: C
Claudius Ptolemy's Geographia compiled coordinates and methods for map construction.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Strabo is best known for:
A. Inventing the compass
B. Developing GPS
C. Quantitative revolution
D. Regional and descriptive geography
Correct Answer: D
Strabo's Geography described regions, peoples, and places of the known world.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Hipparchus is especially associated with developing:
A. A systematic latitude-longitude framework
B. Environmental determinism
C. Remote sensing
D. Choropleth mapping
Correct Answer: A
Hipparchus advanced mathematical geography and coordinate-based location.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Eratosthenes' method for estimating Earth's circumference relied on differences in:
A. Population density
B. Sun angle at two locations
C. Ocean salinity
D. Wind speed
Correct Answer: B
He compared solar angles and the distance between two Egyptian locations.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Eratosthenes estimated:
A. Ocean depth globally
B. The age of Earth
C. Earth's circumference
D. Earth's mass precisely
Correct Answer: C
Using sun-angle differences between Syene and Alexandria, Eratosthenes produced a remarkably good estimate of Earth's circumference.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Which Greek thinker gave arguments supporting a spherical Earth?
A. Herodotus
B. Hecataeus
C. Semple
D. Aristotle
Correct Answer: D
Aristotle cited observations such as Earth's curved shadow during lunar eclipses and changing stars with latitude.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Herodotus contributed to geography mainly through:
A. Descriptions of lands, peoples, and environments from travel and inquiry
B. Satellite mapping
C. Map projections only
D. Modern statistics
Correct Answer: A
Herodotus recorded regional observations and ethnographic-geographic information in his histories.