CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Spatial interpolation estimates:
A. Only political boundaries
B. Values at unsampled locations from known observations
C. Only map titles
D. Only time zones
Correct Answer: B
Interpolation creates continuous surfaces such as rainfall or elevation from sampled points.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) represents:
A. Political opinions
B. Map symbols
C. Terrain elevation digitally
D. Population density only
Correct Answer: C
A DEM stores elevation values across a surface, commonly as a raster grid.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Overlay analysis in GIS combines:
A. Only one table
B. Only one contour
C. Only latitude values
D. Multiple spatial layers to identify relationships
Correct Answer: D
Overlay compares layers to find intersections, suitability, conflicts, or combined characteristics.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Buffer analysis creates:
A. Zones at specified distances around features
B. Contour intervals
C. Time zones
D. Map titles
Correct Answer: A
Buffers identify areas within a chosen distance of points, lines, or polygons.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A spatial query asks questions based on:
A. Only bibliography
B. Location and spatial relationships
C. Only spelling
D. Only chronology
Correct Answer: B
Spatial queries select features by relationships such as within, intersects, nearest, or distance.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Attribute data in GIS describe:
A. Only screen resolution
B. Only latitude lines
C. Characteristics of spatial features
D. Only map projection
Correct Answer: C
Attributes store descriptive information such as population, road type, or land use linked to geometry.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A district boundary is commonly stored as a:
A. Point only
B. Line only without area
C. Raster band only
D. Polygon feature
Correct Answer: D
Polygons represent enclosed areas such as districts, lakes, and parcels.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A road is commonly stored in vector GIS as a:
A. Line feature
B. Point feature
C. Polygon only
D. Raster band only
Correct Answer: A
Linear features such as roads and rivers are typically represented as lines.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A city represented by one coordinate in a small-scale GIS is a:
A. Raster band
B. Point feature
C. Line feature
D. Polygon feature
Correct Answer: B
Point geometry is used for features treated as dimensionless locations at the map scale.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Vector data represent geographic features mainly as:
A. Only text paragraphs
B. Only contour intervals
C. Points, lines, and polygons
D. Only pixels
Correct Answer: C
Vector GIS uses coordinates to represent discrete objects as points, lines, and areas.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Raster data represent space as:
A. Only points
B. Only lines
C. Only polygons
D. A grid of cells or pixels
Correct Answer: D
Raster models divide space into regular cells, each storing a value.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A GIS layer represents:
A. A thematic set of spatial features or cells
B. A paper thickness
C. A time zone
D. A map projection only
Correct Answer: A
GIS organizes related spatial information into layers such as roads, rivers, or land use.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Georeferencing means:
A. Sorting a bibliography
B. Aligning an image or map to a real-world coordinate system
C. Adding a title
D. Changing paper size
Correct Answer: B
Georeferencing links raster or scanned data to known geographic coordinates.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Geocoding means:
A. Drawing contours
B. Measuring rainfall
C. Converting addresses or place descriptions into geographic coordinates
D. Converting meters to kilometers
Correct Answer: C
Geocoding assigns coordinate locations to textual addresses or place identifiers.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A quadrat is often used to sample:
A. Longitude
B. Time zones
C. Sea routes only
D. Vegetation or other features within a fixed area
Correct Answer: D
Quadrats provide standardized sample areas, commonly in ecological and biogeographic fieldwork.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A transect is:
A. A line along which observations are recorded
B. A map projection
C. A time zone
D. A database table only
Correct Answer: A
Transects sample environmental or land-use changes along a defined line.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Stratified sampling is useful when:
A. Coordinates are unavailable
B. The population contains important subgroups that should be represented
C. No subgroups exist
D. Only one observation is needed
Correct Answer: B
Stratification ensures specified subgroups are included, often in proportion to their size.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Systematic sampling selects observations:
A. Only by personal judgment
B. Only from extremes
C. At regular intervals after a starting point
D. Only from one cluster
Correct Answer: C
Systematic sampling uses a fixed interval, such as every tenth household.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
In random sampling, each eligible unit should have:
A. No chance of selection
B. Selection only by convenience
C. Selection only by researcher preference
D. A known chance of selection
Correct Answer: D
Random sampling reduces selection bias by using chance-based selection.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Mixed-method geographic research combines:
A. Quantitative and qualitative approaches
B. Only maps and globes
C. Only climate and soils
D. Only latitude and longitude
Correct Answer: A
Mixed methods integrate numerical analysis with qualitative evidence for a fuller understanding.