CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Hecataeus of Miletus is known for:
A. Creating UTM
B. Early geographic description and improving Greek world maps
C. Inventing GPS
D. Developing GIS
Correct Answer: B
Hecataeus compiled geographic descriptions and revised earlier maps of the known world.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Which ancient Greek scholar is associated with one of the earliest known Greek world maps?
A. Ptolemy
B. Strabo
C. Anaximander
D. Eratosthenes
Correct Answer: C
Anaximander of Miletus is traditionally credited with producing an early Greek map of the known world.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
GIS differs from remote sensing because remote sensing mainly:
A. Stores only attribute tables
B. Defines political boundaries
C. Creates time zones
D. Acquires information from a distance using sensors
Correct Answer: D
Remote sensing is a data-acquisition technology, whereas GIS emphasizes data management and analysis.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
GIS differs from GPS because GIS mainly:
A. Stores, analyzes, and visualizes spatial data
B. Only receives satellite timing signals
C. Only measures altitude
D. Only prints maps
Correct Answer: A
GPS is mainly a positioning system, while GIS manages and analyzes spatial datasets.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A GPS receiver generally needs signals from at least how many satellites for a 3D position and clock correction?
A. Three
B. Four
C. One
D. Two
Correct Answer: B
Four satellite ranges are typically needed to solve three spatial coordinates plus receiver clock error.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
GPS position determination is based primarily on:
A. Contour interpolation only
B. Map coloring
C. Trilateration from satellite ranges
D. Triangulation using only angles
Correct Answer: C
A GPS receiver estimates position from distances to multiple satellites.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
GPS is part of the broader category called:
A. GIS only
B. DEM
C. Cartogram
D. GNSS
Correct Answer: D
The Global Positioning System is one Global Navigation Satellite System among several.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
False-color satellite imagery is created by:
A. Assigning spectral bands to display colors that may differ from natural vision
B. Removing all spectral data
C. Using no sensor
D. Plotting only contours
Correct Answer: A
False-color composites map non-visible or selected bands to visible RGB channels to emphasize features.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Radiometric resolution refers to:
A. Number of roads
B. Sensitivity to differences in energy intensity
C. Number of map sheets
D. Longitude spacing
Correct Answer: B
Radiometric resolution is commonly expressed by bit depth and indicates detectable intensity levels.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Spectral resolution refers to:
A. Revisit frequency
B. Map scale
C. Ability to distinguish different wavelength bands
D. Ground pixel size
Correct Answer: C
Spectral resolution describes the number and width of wavelength intervals a sensor can detect.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Temporal resolution refers to:
A. Pixel size
B. Number of color bands
C. Bit depth
D. How often a sensor revisits or records the same area
Correct Answer: D
Temporal resolution is the frequency of observation over time.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Spatial resolution of an image refers to:
A. Ground size represented by each pixel
B. Number of spectral bands only
C. Frequency of repeat visits only
D. Number of bits only
Correct Answer: A
Spatial resolution indicates the smallest ground detail distinguishable in an image.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
LiDAR measures distance using:
A. Census forms
B. Laser pulses
C. Sound waves only
D. Paper maps
Correct Answer: B
Light Detection and Ranging sends laser pulses and measures return time to map surfaces in 3D.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Radar is generally an example of:
A. A paper survey
B. A map projection
C. Active remote sensing
D. Passive remote sensing only
Correct Answer: C
Radar transmits microwave energy and records the reflected signal.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
An active remote-sensing sensor:
A. Depends only on sunlight
B. Cannot operate at night
C. Uses no electromagnetic energy
D. Emits energy and measures the return signal
Correct Answer: D
Active sensors such as radar and LiDAR transmit energy toward a target and measure the return.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A passive remote-sensing sensor primarily uses:
A. Naturally available energy such as sunlight or thermal emission
B. Its own transmitted radar pulse only
C. Only GPS signals
D. Only interviews
Correct Answer: A
Passive sensors detect natural reflected or emitted radiation.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Remote sensing sensors usually detect:
A. Only census tables
B. Reflected or emitted electromagnetic energy
C. Only spoken words
D. Only map labels
Correct Answer: B
Remote sensing measures energy interacting with Earth's surface and atmosphere.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Data precision refers to:
A. Map projection type
B. Political neutrality
C. Level of measurement detail or repeatability
D. Truthfulness only
Correct Answer: C
Precision concerns consistency and fineness of measurement, which is distinct from accuracy.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Data accuracy refers to:
A. Number of decimal places only
B. Map color quality
C. File size
D. Closeness of a measurement to the true value
Correct Answer: D
Accuracy indicates how close data are to reality or an accepted reference.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Metadata are:
A. Data describing a dataset
B. Only map colors
C. Only coordinates
D. Only population totals
Correct Answer: A
Metadata document source, date, method, coordinate system, accuracy, and other information about data.