CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Negative spatial autocorrelation occurs when:
A. No coordinates exist
B. Nearby locations tend to have contrasting values
C. Nearby values are similar
D. All values are identical
Correct Answer: B
Negative spatial autocorrelation reflects spatial alternation or dissimilarity among neighbors.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Spatial autocorrelation is positive when:
A. No spatial pattern exists
B. Only remote locations are similar
C. Nearby locations tend to have similar values
D. Nearby locations always differ
Correct Answer: C
Positive spatial autocorrelation means similarity clusters in space.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A hearth in cultural geography is:
A. A contour depression
B. A time zone
C. A map scale
D. A source area from which a trait or innovation spreads
Correct Answer: D
A cultural hearth is an origin center for innovations, religions, languages, or technologies.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Expansion diffusion occurs when:
A. A phenomenon spreads outward while remaining strong at its source
B. The source disappears immediately
C. Only longitude changes
D. Only people relocate permanently
Correct Answer: A
Expansion diffusion grows through space from its source rather than replacing it through migration.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Stimulus diffusion occurs when:
A. A map projection changes
B. The underlying idea spreads but is modified in the receiving culture
C. Nothing changes
D. Only people relocate
Correct Answer: B
Stimulus diffusion transfers the core concept while adapting its specific form.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Relocation diffusion occurs when:
A. Only neighboring areas are affected
B. A map is enlarged
C. People move and carry a trait to new places
D. A trait spreads without movement of carriers
Correct Answer: C
Relocation diffusion involves migration or movement of carriers who introduce the trait elsewhere.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Contagious diffusion spreads mainly through:
A. Only elite networks
B. Only permanent migration
C. Only government boundaries
D. Direct contact or proximity
Correct Answer: D
Contagious diffusion spreads outward through nearby contact, much like an infectious disease.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Hierarchical diffusion spreads through:
A. An ordered network of influential people or places
B. Only direct neighbor contact
C. Only migration
D. Only random wind
Correct Answer: A
Hierarchical diffusion moves through ranks, such as from major cities to smaller centers.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A transition zone between two regions is sometimes called an:
A. Azimuth
B. Ecotone or transitional zone
C. Antipode
D. Datum
Correct Answer: B
A transition zone contains characteristics of adjoining regions rather than a sharp break.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A region's boundary may be described as fuzzy when:
A. It follows a straight line
B. It is legally surveyed
C. The transition between regions is gradual rather than sharp
D. It lies on 0° longitude
Correct Answer: C
Many cultural and environmental regions grade into one another instead of ending abruptly.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A vernacular region is primarily based on:
A. A legally fixed boundary only
B. A contour interval
C. A projection
D. Popular perception and shared identity
Correct Answer: D
Vernacular regions are recognized through common cultural perceptions rather than strict formal criteria.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A nodal region is organized by:
A. Interactions around a central node
B. Uniform climate only
C. Equal elevation only
D. Latitude only
Correct Answer: A
Nodal or functional regions depend on flows and connections centered on a hub.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A homogeneous region is one where:
A. Boundaries are random
B. A chosen characteristic is relatively uniform
C. All flows lead to one node
D. No characteristic exists
Correct Answer: B
Homogeneous or formal regions are defined by internal similarity in selected traits.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Regionalization is the process of:
A. Measuring only elevation
B. Changing time zones
C. Dividing space into regions based on selected criteria
D. Removing boundaries from maps
Correct Answer: C
Regionalization classifies areas into regions using shared characteristics or functional relationships.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Idiographic study emphasizes:
A. Universal laws only
B. Only statistics
C. Only coordinates
D. Unique characteristics of particular places or cases
Correct Answer: D
Idiographic approaches focus on detailed understanding of specific regions or cases.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Nomothetic science seeks:
A. General laws and regularities
B. Only unique descriptions
C. Only biographies
D. Only place names
Correct Answer: A
Nomothetic approaches seek general explanations that apply across many cases.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Chorology in geography refers broadly to:
A. Study of grammar
B. Study of spatial differentiation and arrangement of phenomena by area
C. Study of rocks only
D. Study of time only
Correct Answer: B
Chorological approaches focus on the character and differentiation of areas.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
The concept of 'areal differentiation' means:
A. Only latitude differs
B. Maps should omit regions
C. Different areas have distinctive combinations of features
D. All places are identical
Correct Answer: C
Areal differentiation emphasizes spatial variation and the unique combination of phenomena in different areas.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Brian Berry is widely associated with:
A. Classical chorography only
B. Environmental determinism
C. Physical oceanography
D. Quantitative geography and urban/regional spatial analysis
Correct Answer: D
Berry was influential in quantitative urban and regional geography and spatial analysis.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Peter Haggett is associated with:
A. Spatial analysis and locational geography
B. Environmental determinism only
C. Classical Greek mapping
D. Geodesy only
Correct Answer: A
Haggett helped popularize systematic spatial analysis, networks, models, and location theory.