CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Cultural ecology examines:
A. Only time zones
B. How cultural practices adapt to and shape environments
C. Only contour lines
D. Only satellite orbits
Correct Answer: B
Cultural ecology studies interactions between culture, subsistence, technology, and environment.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Environmental justice focuses on:
A. Equal latitude
B. Only wildlife counts
C. Fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens and participation in decisions
D. Equal map scales
Correct Answer: C
Environmental justice examines who bears pollution, risk, and resource burdens and who has decision-making power.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Political ecology studies:
A. Only rock chemistry
B. Only map projections
C. Only weather forecasting
D. Environmental issues through power, politics, economy, and social relations
Correct Answer: D
Political ecology links environmental change with institutions, inequality, access, and power.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Risk is commonly understood as combining:
A. Hazard probability or intensity with exposure and vulnerability
B. Only latitude and longitude
C. Only climate and soil
D. Only map scale and projection
Correct Answer: A
Disaster risk emerges from the interaction of hazardous events with exposed and vulnerable systems.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Hazard differs from disaster because a hazard is:
A. Only a map symbol
B. A potentially damaging event or process
C. Always a realized catastrophe
D. Only a human decision
Correct Answer: B
A hazard becomes disastrous when it significantly affects exposed and vulnerable people or assets.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Vulnerability is generally a function of:
A. Map projection only
B. Altitude only
C. Exposure, sensitivity, and capacity to cope or adapt
D. Latitude only
Correct Answer: C
Vulnerability depends on how exposed and sensitive a system is and how well it can respond.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Resilience refers to a system's ability to:
A. Avoid every disturbance
B. Remain physically unchanged forever
C. Increase longitude
D. Absorb disturbance and recover or reorganize
Correct Answer: D
Resilience describes capacity to withstand shocks and continue functioning or adapt.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Carrying capacity refers to:
A. The level of population or activity an environment can support over time
B. Map scale denominator
C. Longitude limit
D. Elevation range
Correct Answer: A
Carrying capacity concerns sustainable support under given resource and environmental conditions.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Sustainable development is commonly associated with the idea of:
A. Ignoring poverty
B. Meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet theirs
C. Using resources as fast as possible
D. Avoiding all technology
Correct Answer: B
The widely cited Brundtland definition emphasizes intergenerational responsibility.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Sustainability aims to:
A. Eliminate all development
B. Ignore equity
C. Meet present needs while maintaining environmental and social capacity for the future
D. Maximize resource use regardless of future
Correct Answer: C
Sustainability balances present well-being with long-term ecological, economic, and social viability.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Human dependence on environment refers to:
A. Dependence only on maps
B. Dependence only on politics
C. No relationship to nature
D. Reliance on natural resources and ecosystem services
Correct Answer: D
Societies depend on water, soil, energy, food, climate regulation, and other environmental services.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Human modification of environment means:
A. Changing environmental conditions through human action
B. Only observing nature
C. Only measuring latitude
D. Only using existing maps
Correct Answer: A
Examples include dams, deforestation, land reclamation, and urban construction.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Human adaptation to environment means:
A. Making a new map title
B. Adjusting behavior or technology to environmental conditions
C. Ignoring environment completely
D. Changing longitude
Correct Answer: B
Adaptation includes responses such as irrigation, building design, clothing, or cropping choices.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Spatial association means:
A. They have the same name
B. They use the same map color
C. Two or more phenomena show related geographic patterns
D. They occur at different times only
Correct Answer: C
Spatial association assesses whether distributions coincide or vary together geographically.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Concentration describes:
A. Only map color
B. Only altitude
C. Only direction
D. How much of a phenomenon is located within part of an area
Correct Answer: D
Concentration indicates whether features are packed into a small portion of total space.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Population density is typically calculated as:
A. Population divided by land area
B. Land area divided by population
C. Births minus deaths
D. Population multiplied by longitude
Correct Answer: A
Arithmetic population density is the number of people per unit area.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A density measure generally relates:
A. Color to symbol
B. Amount of a phenomenon to area
C. Time to longitude only
D. Elevation to latitude only
Correct Answer: B
Density expresses concentration, such as persons per square kilometer.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A nearest-neighbor analysis is often used to assess whether points are:
A. North or south
B. Large-scale or small-scale
C. Clustered, random, or dispersed
D. Conformal or equal-area
Correct Answer: C
Nearest-neighbor statistics compare observed point spacing with an expected random pattern.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
Moran's I is commonly used to measure:
A. Map scale
B. Latitude
C. Elevation only
D. Spatial autocorrelation
Correct Answer: D
Moran's I is a statistical measure of spatial clustering or dispersion of values.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Introduction of Geography
A spatial outlier is a location whose value:
A. Differs strongly from surrounding locations
B. Is always zero
C. Matches every neighbor
D. Has no coordinates
Correct Answer: A
Spatial outliers contrast with the local spatial pattern around them.