CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
River abrasion/corrasion is:
A. Wearing of bed and banks by transported load
B. Chemical dissolution only
C. Evaporation
D. Deposition of floodplain silt
Correct Answer: A
Sediment carried by water acts as tools that scour channel surfaces.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Gully erosion produces:
A. Large channels not easily removed by normal tillage
B. Only microscopic pores
C. Coral reefs
D. Lava tubes
Correct Answer: A
Gullies are advanced, enlarged forms of concentrated runoff erosion.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Rill erosion creates:
A. Small channels that can often be removed by tillage
B. Deep permanent valleys only
C. Sand dunes
D. Glacial cirques
Correct Answer: A
Concentrated runoff cuts small erosional channels.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Sheet erosion removes:
A. A thin, relatively uniform layer of soil
B. Only large boulders
C. Bedrock through caves only
D. Volcanic ash in air
Correct Answer: A
Unconcentrated overland flow can strip surface soil.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Splash erosion is caused by:
A. Raindrop impact
B. Glacial ice only
C. Ocean tides
D. Earthquakes only
Correct Answer: A
Falling drops detach and move soil particles.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Vegetation can reduce erosion by:
A. Protecting soil and binding it with roots
B. Increasing raindrop impact
C. Removing all infiltration
D. Always increasing runoff
Correct Answer: A
Canopy/litter intercept rain while roots stabilize soil.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Mudflow/debris flow is favored by:
A. Water-saturated loose material on slopes
B. Dry solid granite only
C. Flat bedrock with no sediment
D. No gravity
Correct Answer: A
Water reduces friction and mobilizes sediment into fast flows.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Soil creep is:
A. Very slow downslope movement
B. Fastest type of mass movement
C. A tsunami
D. A lava flow
Correct Answer: A
Creep produces gradual downslope displacement over long periods.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Slump commonly moves material along a:
A. Curved rotational slip surface
B. Straight river channel
C. Horizontal bedding plane only
D. Volcanic vent
Correct Answer: A
Rotational slides produce backward-tilted blocks and curved scarps.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
A landslide is:
A. Rapid movement of rock/debris down a slope
B. Only river sedimentation
C. Only wind transport
D. Soil formation
Correct Answer: A
Landslides encompass rapid slope failures along a surface or zone.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
A rockfall is:
A. Rapid free fall/bouncing of rock from a steep slope
B. Slow soil creep
C. River deposition
D. Chemical dissolution
Correct Answer: A
Detached rock moves rapidly from cliffs or steep faces.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Mass wasting is downslope movement mainly under:
A. Gravity
B. Coriolis force
C. Magnetic force
D. Tides only
Correct Answer: A
Gravity is the primary driver of slope movement.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Soil develops through interaction of parent material with climate, organisms, relief and:
A. Time
B. Longitude only
C. Magnetism
D. Tides only
Correct Answer: A
CLORPT factors include climate, organisms, relief, parent material and time.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Regolith is:
A. Loose weathered material over bedrock
B. Molten mantle
C. Only river water
D. A tectonic plate
Correct Answer: A
Regolith includes soil and fragmented/weathered rock above solid bedrock.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Physical weathering is often important in:
A. Cold or arid environments
B. Only equatorial rainforests
C. Only deep oceans
D. No climate
Correct Answer: A
Freeze-thaw and salt/thermal processes can dominate where chemical reactions are limited.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Chemical weathering is generally fastest in:
A. Warm, humid climates
B. Cold, extremely dry climates
C. Vacuum
D. Polar deserts only
Correct Answer: A
Heat and abundant water accelerate most chemical reactions.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Solution weathering is important for:
A. Soluble minerals such as halite
B. Diamond only
C. Quartz always rapidly
D. Fresh basalt only
Correct Answer: A
Water can directly dissolve highly soluble minerals.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Hydrolysis commonly alters feldspar to:
A. Clay minerals
B. Diamond
C. Halite
D. Graphite only
Correct Answer: A
Reaction with acidic water converts feldspars to clays plus dissolved ions/silica.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Oxidation strongly affects minerals containing:
A. Iron
B. Gold only
C. Quartz only
D. Halite only
Correct Answer: A
Iron-bearing minerals react with oxygen to form oxides/hydroxides.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Carbonation is especially important in weathering of:
A. Limestone
B. Quartzite
C. Obsidian
D. Pure gold
Correct Answer: A
Carbonic acid dissolves calcite and promotes karst development.