CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
The five rivers historically associated with Punjab are the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej and:
A. Beas
B. Kabul
C. Swat
D. Hub
Correct Answer: A
Punjab's name refers to the land of five waters; the Beas is one of the historic five.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
The Indus River ultimately drains into the:
A. Arabian Sea
B. Bay of Bengal
C. Caspian Sea
D. Red Sea
Correct Answer: A
The Indus flows south through Pakistan to the Arabian Sea.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
Braided channels are favored by:
A. High sediment load and variable discharge
B. Very stable low sediment supply only
C. No bed load
D. Deep narrow bedrock gorges only
Correct Answer: A
Bars divide flow into multiple shifting channels when sediment supply is abundant.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
An alluvial fan forms where:
A. A stream leaves a steep valley and loses velocity on a plain
B. A river enters deep ocean only
C. A glacier reaches sea
D. A volcano erupts
Correct Answer: A
Abrupt gradient reduction causes sediment deposition in a fan-shaped body.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
Alluvium is:
A. Sediment deposited by running water
B. Only volcanic ash
C. Only glacial till
D. Bedrock
Correct Answer: A
River-deposited clay, silt, sand and gravel are collectively alluvium.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
Solution load consists of:
A. Dissolved ions
B. Large boulders
C. Sand dunes
D. Organic logs only
Correct Answer: A
Chemical weathering products can be transported invisibly in solution.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
Suspension carries:
A. Fine particles within the water column
B. Only boulders on bed
C. Only dissolved ions
D. Icebergs
Correct Answer: A
Turbulence keeps fine silt and clay aloft.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
Saltation transports particles by:
A. Bouncing or hopping along the bed
B. Only dissolving
C. Permanent suspension
D. Glacial movement
Correct Answer: A
Sand and small gravel can move in intermittent jumps.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
Traction transports sediment by:
A. Rolling/sliding along the bed
B. Dissolving ions
C. Floating clay only
D. Evaporation
Correct Answer: A
Coarse particles may roll or slide under flowing water.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
River capacity refers to the:
A. Total quantity of sediment a river can transport
B. Largest single grain only
C. Depth of groundwater
D. Number of tributaries
Correct Answer: A
Capacity is the overall sediment load that flow can carry.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
River competence refers to the:
A. Largest particle size a river can transport
B. Total dissolved load only
C. Water temperature
D. Channel width
Correct Answer: A
Competence rises strongly with flow velocity.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
A wind gap is:
A. A dry former river valley through a ridge after stream capture
B. A gap made only by wind
C. A delta channel
D. A cave
Correct Answer: A
The beheaded former channel may remain as a dry gap.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
River capture occurs when:
A. One stream diverts the headwaters of another
B. A river reaches the sea
C. A delta forms
D. A glacier blocks a valley only
Correct Answer: A
Headward erosion can breach a divide and pirate neighboring drainage.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
A superimposed drainage pattern develops when a river:
A. Maintains a course inherited from an overlying cover onto underlying structures
B. Always follows the youngest faults
C. Flows radially from a volcano
D. Ends in a lake
Correct Answer: A
Streams established on former cover may cut down into discordant structures.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
An antecedent river is one that:
A. Maintains its course while land is uplifted across it
B. Forms after all relief
C. Flows only underground
D. Is captured by another stream necessarily
Correct Answer: A
Incision keeps pace with uplift, preserving a pre-existing drainage course.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
Parallel drainage commonly develops on:
A. Steep or uniformly sloping terrain
B. Central volcanic domes only
C. Closed basins
D. Flat limestone with no slope
Correct Answer: A
Strong regional slope can organize channels into near-parallel courses.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
A rectangular drainage pattern is strongly controlled by:
A. Joints and faults
B. Uniform horizontal strata only
C. Wind direction
D. Tides
Correct Answer: A
Structural fractures guide streams into angular bends.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
A trellis drainage pattern commonly develops in:
A. Folded terrain with alternating resistant and weak strata
B. Uniform massive rock only
C. Volcanic cones
D. Flat deltas only
Correct Answer: A
Main valleys follow weaker belts while tributaries join at near-right angles.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
A centripetal drainage pattern flows:
A. Toward a central basin/depression
B. Outward from a mountain
C. Only eastward
D. Into every ocean
Correct Answer: A
Internal drainage converges on enclosed basins or lakes.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Rivers and Drainage Systems
A radial drainage pattern flows:
A. Outward from a central high area
B. Toward a central depression
C. At right angles only
D. Parallel to a coast only
Correct Answer: A
Volcanic cones and domes often produce outward-flowing streams.