CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Denudation is a broad term for:
A. Overall wearing down of landscape by weathering, mass wasting and erosion
B. Only volcanic eruption
C. Only deposition
D. Only plate collision
Correct Answer: A
Denudation encompasses processes that lower and reshape land surfaces.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Base level of erosion is the lowest level to which a stream can:
A. Erode its channel
B. Deposit wind-blown sand
C. Build mountains
D. Cause metamorphism
Correct Answer: A
Sea level is the ultimate base level for most streams; local base levels also occur.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Gully control may include:
A. Check dams and revegetation
B. Removing all plants
C. Channelizing runoff down bare slopes
D. Overgrazing
Correct Answer: A
Small barriers and vegetation reduce flow energy and stabilize channels.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Terracing reduces slope erosion by:
A. Shortening slope length and slowing runoff
B. Increasing slope steepness everywhere
C. Eliminating infiltration
D. Removing soil cover
Correct Answer: A
Terraces break long slopes into shorter, flatter steps.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Contour ploughing helps reduce erosion by:
A. Slowing runoff across slopes
B. Directing water straight downhill
C. Removing vegetation
D. Increasing slope length
Correct Answer: A
Farming along contours interrupts downslope water flow.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Erosion is accelerated when land is:
A. Deforested and left bare
B. Protected by dense vegetation
C. Terraced correctly
D. Mulched
Correct Answer: A
Loss of cover increases raindrop impact and runoff.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Stalagmites grow mainly:
A. Upward from cave floors
B. Downward from ceilings
C. Only underwater
D. Inside faults
Correct Answer: A
Drips deposit calcite on cave floors, building upward.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Stalactites grow mainly:
A. Downward from cave ceilings
B. Upward from cave floors
C. Across river channels
D. Inside magma chambers
Correct Answer: A
Calcite precipitates from dripping water at cave ceilings.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
A sinkhole/doline is common in:
A. Karst landscapes
B. Glacial outwash plains only
C. Volcanic shield slopes only
D. Deltas only
Correct Answer: A
Dissolution or collapse creates closed depressions in limestone terrain.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Karst topography develops mainly on:
A. Soluble rocks such as limestone
B. Granite only
C. Basalt only
D. Quartzite only
Correct Answer: A
Carbonate dissolution produces sinkholes, caves and underground drainage.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
A wave-cut platform forms by:
A. Cliff retreat under marine erosion
B. River deposition
C. Wind deposition
D. Lava flooding
Correct Answer: A
Wave attack undercuts cliffs, leaving a gently sloping rock bench.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Sea caves, arches and stacks can represent a sequence of:
A. Coastal erosion
B. River deposition
C. Glacial accumulation
D. Volcanic construction
Correct Answer: A
Wave erosion exploits weaknesses in headlands and progressively isolates stacks.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Marine hydraulic action is strongest where:
A. Waves force water/air into coastal cracks
B. No waves occur
C. Only tides are absent
D. Rock is underground
Correct Answer: A
Repeated pressure changes widen joints in cliffs.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Glacial abrasion occurs when:
A. Debris in basal ice grinds bedrock
B. Ice evaporates
C. Snow melts without movement
D. Wind polishes dunes only
Correct Answer: A
Rock fragments embedded in ice scrape and polish the substrate.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Glacial plucking occurs when:
A. Ice freezes onto rock and pulls blocks away
B. Wind lifts sand
C. Rivers dissolve salt only
D. Lava erodes valleys
Correct Answer: A
Moving glacier ice can quarry fractured bedrock.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Wind abrasion is:
A. Sand-blasting action of wind-driven particles
B. Chemical weathering by rain
C. Ice wedging
D. Soil creep
Correct Answer: A
Airborne grains scour exposed rock.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Wind deflation is:
A. Removal of loose fine particles by wind
B. Sand blasting of rock surfaces
C. River deposition
D. Glacial plucking
Correct Answer: A
Deflation lifts and transports unconsolidated particles.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Solution/corrosion by rivers removes:
A. Soluble minerals in dissolved form
B. Only boulders by rolling
C. Only clay by suspension
D. Ice blocks
Correct Answer: A
Slightly acidic water dissolves soluble rock and ions are carried in solution.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Attrition in rivers makes particles:
A. Smaller and rounder through collisions
B. Larger and sharper
C. Chemically identical but immobile
D. Melt
Correct Answer: A
Load particles collide and chip each other during transport.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Weathering and Erosion
Hydraulic action is erosion caused by:
A. Force of moving water and compressed air in cracks
B. Only dissolved acids
C. Wind-blown sand
D. Glacial freezing only
Correct Answer: A
Water pressure can loosen and remove material from banks and bed.