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Volcanoes – Types, Eruptions, Landforms & Global Distribution MCQs

Study volcanoes for CSS, PMS, CCE and PCS, including volcanic structure, magma and lava, eruption types, active, dormant and extinct volcanoes, shield and composite volcanoes, calderas, volcanic landforms, Ring of Fire, hotspots, hazards and benefits. Focused on competitive-exam concepts and factual MCQs.

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Volcanoes – Types, Eruptions, Landforms & Global Distribution

Volcanoes – Types, Eruptions, Landforms & Global Distribution MCQs With Answers

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CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography Volcanoes
Basaltic magma generally has:
A. Low silica and relatively low viscosity
B. High silica and very high viscosity
C. No gas
D. No iron or magnesium
Correct Answer: A
Mafic basaltic melts are hotter and less polymerized, so they flow readily.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography Volcanoes
Cinder cones are built mainly from:
A. Loose pyroclastic fragments
B. Granite batholiths
C. Limestone strata
D. Glacial till only
Correct Answer: A
Scoria/cinders accumulate around a vent to form relatively small steep cones.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography Volcanoes
Composite volcanoes are also called:
A. Stratovolcanoes
B. Batholiths
C. Atolls
D. Drumlins
Correct Answer: A
They are layered cones built from lava and pyroclastic deposits.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography Volcanoes
Shield volcanoes are characterized by:
A. Broad gentle slopes
B. Very steep slopes made only of ash
C. No lava flows
D. Only underwater formation
Correct Answer: A
Low-viscosity basaltic lava spreads widely, building broad shields.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography Volcanoes
A caldera is generally:
A. A large collapse depression associated with a volcano
B. A small mineral crystal
C. A river terrace
D. A fold mountain
Correct Answer: A
Withdrawal of magma can cause the roof of a magma chamber to collapse.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography Volcanoes
A crater is typically:
A. A relatively small summit depression around a vent
B. A continental rift
C. A huge tectonic plate
D. A river gorge
Correct Answer: A
Crater depressions form around volcanic vents.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography Volcanoes
A volcanic vent is:
A. An opening through which volcanic material erupts
B. A contour line
C. A mineral cleavage
D. A fault with no magma
Correct Answer: A
Vents connect the volcanic plumbing system to the surface.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography Volcanoes
A magma chamber is:
A. A subsurface reservoir of magma
B. A river basin
C. A crater lake only
D. A sedimentary bed
Correct Answer: A
Magma may accumulate in crustal reservoirs before eruption.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography Volcanoes
Magma at Earth's surface is called:
A. Lava
B. Loess
C. Till
D. Shale
Correct Answer: A
Once molten rock erupts onto the surface it is termed lava.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography Volcanoes
A volcano is an opening through which:
A. Magma, gases and pyroclastic material may reach the surface
B. Only groundwater emerges
C. Only sediment accumulates
D. Earth's core is exposed
Correct Answer: A
Volcanism transfers molten rock and gases from depth to the surface.
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