CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
During strong indoor shaking, commonly recommended immediate action is:
A. Drop, Cover and Hold On
B. Run to elevators
C. Stand under glass
D. Light a fire
Correct Answer: A
Drop, Cover and Hold On reduces exposure to falling objects and loss of balance.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
Earthquake preparedness includes:
A. Securing heavy objects and practicing safe response plans
B. Standing near windows
C. Using elevators during strong shaking
D. Ignoring building codes
Correct Answer: A
Non-structural mitigation, drills and code-compliant construction reduce injury and loss.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
The 2005 Kashmir earthquake occurred in the:
A. Himalayan collision zone
B. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
C. East African Rift
D. Hawaiian hotspot
Correct Answer: A
The destructive 8 October 2005 event was related to active Himalayan thrust tectonics.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
The Chaman Fault system is associated mainly with tectonics in:
A. Western Pakistan and adjoining Afghanistan
B. Eastern China only
C. Southern Africa
D. Brazil
Correct Answer: A
The Chaman fault system accommodates major plate-boundary-related deformation in western Pakistan.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
The Indus-Tsangpo suture and Himalayan region are seismically active because of:
A. Indian-Eurasian convergence
B. Atlantic spreading
C. Pacific transform motion
D. Antarctic rifting only
Correct Answer: A
Ongoing continental collision generates active faults and earthquakes.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
Seismic hazard differs from seismic risk because risk also considers:
A. Exposure and vulnerability
B. Only magnitude
C. Only fault type
D. Only depth
Correct Answer: A
Risk combines hazard with people/assets exposed and their vulnerability.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
Short-term exact earthquake prediction is currently:
A. Not reliably possible
B. Routine worldwide
C. Based solely on weather
D. Guaranteed by animal behavior
Correct Answer: A
Science cannot reliably specify exact time, location and magnitude in advance.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
Earthquake early warning can provide:
A. Seconds to tens of seconds of warning after rupture begins
B. Reliable prediction months before every quake
C. Prevention of earthquakes
D. Exact future magnitude years ahead
Correct Answer: A
Systems detect fast P waves and warn locations before stronger shaking arrives.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
Base isolation is an earthquake-engineering technique intended to:
A. Reduce transfer of ground motion into a building
B. Increase building mass only
C. Predict earthquakes
D. Stop plate motion
Correct Answer: A
Flexible isolation systems decouple structures from high-frequency ground shaking.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
Building resonance becomes dangerous when:
A. Ground-motion frequency approaches a structure's natural frequency
B. Wind stops
C. Magnitude is zero
D. Bedrock is absent everywhere
Correct Answer: A
Frequency matching can greatly increase structural oscillation.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
Ground-motion amplification is often greater on:
A. Soft sediments than hard bedrock
B. Hard bedrock than all sediments always
C. Vacuum
D. Ocean water only
Correct Answer: A
Soft basin sediments can amplify and prolong shaking.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
An earthquake fault scarp is:
A. A surface step produced by fault displacement
B. A seismic instrument
C. A tsunami deposit
D. A volcanic ash layer
Correct Answer: A
Surface rupture can offset land and form a scarp.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
No tectonic earthquakes originate deeper than roughly:
A. 700 km
B. 70 km
C. 7 km
D. 2,900 km
Correct Answer: A
Seismicity in subducting slabs generally ceases by about 700 km depth.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
Earthquake depth is commonly classified as shallow when less than about:
A. 70 km
B. 700 km
C. 7,000 km
D. 1 km only
Correct Answer: A
A widely used convention defines shallow-focus events as 0–70 km.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
Deep-focus earthquakes are strongly associated with:
A. Subduction zones
B. Mid-ocean ridge axes only
C. Passive margins
D. Stable deserts
Correct Answer: A
Earthquakes can occur hundreds of kilometres deep within descending slabs.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
The seismic shadow zone provides evidence about:
A. Earth's internal structure
B. River drainage
C. Soil fertility
D. Atmospheric circulation
Correct Answer: A
Refraction and absence of certain waves reveal core properties.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
Locating an epicenter classically requires data from at least:
A. Three seismic stations
B. One station
C. No stations
D. One rain gauge
Correct Answer: A
Distances from three stations can be triangulated to constrain the epicenter.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
Seismic-wave travel-time differences can help determine:
A. Distance to an earthquake
B. Mineral hardness
C. Annual rainfall
D. Plate age only
Correct Answer: A
The P–S arrival-time gap increases with distance from the source.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
As a tsunami enters shallow water, it generally:
A. Slows and grows in height
B. Speeds up and disappears
C. Becomes an S wave
D. Stops immediately
Correct Answer: A
Shoaling reduces speed and wavelength while increasing wave height.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Earthquakes
A tsunami in deep ocean typically has:
A. Long wavelength and high speed
B. Short wavelength and very slow speed
C. No energy
D. A breaking crest hundreds of metres high everywhere
Correct Answer: A
Deep-water tsunamis travel rapidly with long wavelengths and modest amplitudes.