CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
Latitude strongly influences climate mainly because it affects the:
A. International Date Line
B. Angle and seasonal distribution of incoming solar radiation
C. Number of meridians
D. Longitude of the Prime Meridian
Correct Answer: B
Solar altitude and day length vary with latitude, strongly affecting received solar energy.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
Which coordinate is impossible in standard geographic notation?
A. 95° N
B. 45° N
C. 90° S
D. 179° E
Correct Answer: A
Latitude cannot exceed 90° north or south.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
Latitude is commonly written before longitude because the standard coordinate order is:
A. Altitude, longitude
B. Latitude, longitude
C. Longitude, latitude
D. Longitude, altitude
Correct Answer: B
Geographic coordinates conventionally list latitude first.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
The antipode of a point on the Prime Meridian lies on approximately:
A. 180° longitude
B. 90° E
C. 90° W
D. 0° longitude
Correct Answer: A
The antimeridian of 0° is 180°.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
The antipode of 0° latitude is also at:
A. 90° S
B. 180° latitude
C. 0° latitude
D. 90° N
Correct Answer: C
The Equator's antipodal points remain on the Equator.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
To find an antipodal longitude, you generally:
A. Subtract the longitude from 180° and switch E/W
B. Keep the same longitude
C. Subtract it from 90°
D. Double the longitude
Correct Answer: A
Antipodal longitudes differ by 180°; using E/W notation, subtract magnitude from 180° and reverse direction.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
The antipode of a location at 20° N has latitude:
A. 20° N
B. 20° S
C. 70° S
D. 160° N
Correct Answer: B
Antipodes have equal latitude magnitude but opposite north/south direction.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
The antipode of a point is located:
A. On the same meridian and same hemisphere
B. On the same parallel only
C. At the nearest pole
D. Directly opposite it through Earth's center
Correct Answer: D
Antipodal points lie at opposite ends of a diameter through Earth's center.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
Two places with the same longitude lie on the same:
A. Meridian
B. Parallel
C. Climate zone necessarily
D. Tropic
Correct Answer: A
A meridian joins points having equal longitude.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
Two places with the same latitude lie on the same:
A. Great circle meridian pair only
B. Time zone necessarily
C. Meridian
D. Parallel
Correct Answer: D
A parallel joins points having equal latitude.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
A place at 45° S, 100° E lies in which hemispheres?
A. Southern and Western
B. Northern and Western
C. Southern and Eastern
D. Northern and Eastern
Correct Answer: C
S indicates south of the Equator and E east of the Prime Meridian.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
A place at 10° N, 120° W lies in which hemispheres?
A. Southern and Western
B. Northern and Eastern
C. Southern and Eastern
D. Northern and Western
Correct Answer: D
N gives the Northern Hemisphere; W gives the Western Hemisphere.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
A place at 25° S, 40° W lies in which hemispheres?
A. Southern and Western
B. Southern and Eastern
C. Northern and Western
D. Northern and Eastern
Correct Answer: A
S and W indicate Southern and Western Hemispheres.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
A place at 30° N, 60° E lies in which hemispheres?
A. Northern and Western
B. Southern and Eastern
C. Southern and Western
D. Northern and Eastern
Correct Answer: D
N means Northern Hemisphere and E means Eastern Hemisphere.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
A point at 0° latitude and 0° longitude lies at the intersection of the:
A. North Pole and Prime Meridian
B. Tropic of Cancer and Prime Meridian
C. Equator and International Date Line
D. Equator and Prime Meridian
Correct Answer: D
0° latitude is the Equator and 0° longitude is the Prime Meridian.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
Modern GPS determines position mainly by using:
A. Cloud patterns
B. Signals from satellites
C. Only the magnetic compass
D. Ocean currents
Correct Answer: B
GPS receivers calculate position using timed signals from multiple satellites.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
Longitude can be determined traditionally by comparing local time with:
A. Local rainfall
B. Latitude only
C. Reference time at a known meridian
D. Sea depth
Correct Answer: C
The time difference from a reference meridian converts directly into longitude difference.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
In the Northern Hemisphere, the altitude of Polaris above the horizon approximately equals the observer's:
A. Latitude
B. Longitude
C. Local time
D. Elevation above sea level
Correct Answer: A
Polaris lies close to the north celestial pole, so its altitude is approximately the observer's latitude.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
Historically, accurate determination of longitude at sea greatly improved with the development of the:
A. Rain gauge
B. Marine chronometer
C. Thermometer
D. Compass rose only
Correct Answer: B
A precise chronometer allowed sailors to compare local time with reference time.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Geography
Latitude and Longitude
Which instrument is traditionally used to measure the angular altitude of a celestial body for navigation?
A. Anemometer
B. Barometer
C. Hygrometer
D. Sextant
Correct Answer: D
A sextant measures angles between celestial objects and the horizon.