CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
Which statement best explains why operating-system virtualization is useful in cloud computing?
A. It removes the need for networking
B. It makes storage unnecessary
C. It prevents resource scheduling
D. It enables isolation and flexible sharing of physical servers among multiple workloads
Correct Answer: D
Virtualization improves server consolidation, isolation, portability, and elastic resource allocation in cloud environments.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
Which operating system is primarily used on Apple's iPhone devices?
A. iOS
B. Android
C. MS-DOS
D. Ubuntu Server
Correct Answer: A
iOS is Apple's mobile operating system for iPhone.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
Which mobile operating system is developed primarily by Google and the Open Handset Alliance ecosystem?
A. FreeBSD only
B. Android
C. MS-DOS
D. Solaris
Correct Answer: B
Android is the dominant Google-led mobile platform built around the Android Open Source Project.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
Which concept attempts to make a distributed collection of machines appear more like a single coherent system to users and applications?
A. Spooling
B. Defragmentation
C. Transparency
D. Fragmentation
Correct Answer: C
Distributed-system transparency hides location, migration, replication, or other distribution details.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
Which operating-system characteristic is especially important in embedded systems with limited memory and power?
A. Large graphical effects
B. Unlimited background processes
C. Dependence on desktop hardware
D. Small resource footprint and predictable behavior
Correct Answer: D
Embedded systems often have strict memory, energy, timing, and reliability constraints.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
Which scheduling objective is especially important in real-time operating systems?
A. Predictable bounded response to events
B. Maximum file name length
C. Largest possible desktop icons
D. Random CPU allocation
Correct Answer: A
RTOS design emphasizes deterministic timing and bounded latency.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
A hard real-time system differs from a soft real-time system because:
A. Soft real-time systems cannot multitask
B. Missing a hard deadline can be unacceptable or catastrophic
C. Soft real-time systems have no deadlines
D. Hard real-time systems cannot use interrupts
Correct Answer: B
Hard real-time correctness includes meeting strict deadlines; soft systems can tolerate occasional misses with degraded quality.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
Which statement best describes dual booting?
A. Only one OS is installed
B. The OS runs only in a browser
C. Two or more operating systems are installed and one is selected at startup
D. Two OS kernels execute simultaneously in one process
Correct Answer: C
Dual boot systems choose one installed OS during the boot process rather than running both at once.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
Which Linux technologies are fundamental to modern container isolation and resource control?
A. BIOS and MBR only
B. FAT and NTFS
C. SMTP and POP3
D. Namespaces and cgroups
Correct Answer: D
Namespaces isolate views of resources, while cgroups control and account for resource usage.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
How do operating-system containers generally differ from full virtual machines?
A. Containers usually share the host kernel, while VMs can run separate guest kernels
B. Containers require a separate physical CPU each
C. VMs cannot isolate applications
D. Containers never use namespaces or resource controls
Correct Answer: A
Container isolation is lighter because applications share a host kernel rather than emulating a full machine.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
What is a virtual-machine snapshot mainly used for?
A. Replacing all backups permanently
B. Capturing a VM's state so it can be restored later
C. Increasing CPU clock speed
D. Formatting the physical disk
Correct Answer: B
Snapshots record VM state for rollback, testing, and management, though they are not a complete backup strategy.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
In virtualization terminology, the operating system installed inside a virtual machine is called the:
A. Bootloader
B. Firmware
C. Guest operating system
D. Host operating system
Correct Answer: C
The guest OS runs inside the VM; the host provides or supports the virtualization platform.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
Which hypervisor type runs as an application on top of a host operating system?
A. Type 1 hypervisor
B. Firmware-only bootloader
C. Page-table hypervisor
D. Type 2 (hosted) hypervisor
Correct Answer: D
Type 2 hypervisors rely on a host OS for device and platform services.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
Which hypervisor type runs directly on physical hardware without a conventional host operating system underneath?
A. Type 1 (bare-metal) hypervisor
B. Type 2 hypervisor
C. Shell hypervisor
D. Batch hypervisor
Correct Answer: A
Type 1 hypervisors run on bare hardware and are common in data centers.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
What is a hypervisor?
A. A command shell only
B. Software or firmware that creates and manages virtual machines
C. A file compression format
D. A page-replacement algorithm
Correct Answer: B
A hypervisor allocates physical resources among isolated virtual machines.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
What is auditing in operating-system security?
A. Changing file extensions
B. Allocating CPU time
C. Recording security-relevant events for later review
D. Compressing files
Correct Answer: C
Audit logs provide accountability by recording logons, access attempts, policy changes, and other events.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
Which Windows/Linux security practice most directly reduces the risk of ordinary applications making system-wide changes?
A. Disable all passwords
B. Run every program as administrator
C. Turn off updates
D. Use a standard/non-administrator account for routine work
Correct Answer: D
Routine use of limited accounts applies least privilege and reduces the impact of compromise.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
Which access-control model uses centrally enforced labels and classifications rather than owner discretion?
A. Mandatory Access Control (MAC)
B. Discretionary Access Control
C. Time-sharing access control
D. File allocation control
Correct Answer: A
MAC uses security labels and centrally defined policy rules.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
Which access-control model lets an object's owner decide who receives access, subject to system rules?
A. Real-Time Access Control
B. Discretionary Access Control (DAC)
C. Mandatory Access Control only
D. Round Robin Access Control
Correct Answer: B
DAC commonly bases access decisions on owner-controlled permissions or ACLs.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Basic Computing
Operating Systems
Which access-control model assigns permissions according to organizational roles?
A. Demand paging
B. Round Robin
C. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
D. FIFO
Correct Answer: C
RBAC grants privileges to roles, and users receive permissions through assigned roles.