CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Direct and Indirect Narration
Change into indirect speech: The teacher said to the boy, "Why are you late?"
A. The teacher asked the boy why he was late.
B. The teacher said to the boy why he is late.
C. The teacher asked the boy that why he was late.
D. The teacher told the boy why was he late.
Correct Answer: A
Use 'asked' and statement word order: subject before verb.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Direct and Indirect Narration
Change into indirect speech: She said, "Where do you live?"
A. She said where I lived.
B. She asked where did I live.
C. She asked where I lived.
D. She asked that where I lived.
Correct Answer: C
A wh-question keeps the question word but uses statement word order.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Direct and Indirect Narration
Change into indirect speech: He said to me, "Do you know the answer?"
A. He asked me that did I know the answer.
B. He asked that I knew the answer.
C. He asked me if I knew the answer.
D. He told me if I know the answer.
Correct Answer: C
A yes/no question uses 'if' or 'whether', statement word order, and no question mark.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Direct and Indirect Narration
Change into indirect speech: He says, "I am ready."
A. He says that he is ready.
B. He says that I am ready.
C. He told that he is ready.
D. He said that he was ready.
Correct Answer: A
When the reporting verb is in the present, the tense normally does not change.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Direct and Indirect Narration
Change into indirect speech: She said, "I had finished the task."
A. She said that she has finished the task.
B. She said that she finished the task.
C. She said that she had finished the task.
D. She told that she had been finishing the task.
Correct Answer: C
Past perfect usually remains unchanged in indirect speech.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Direct and Indirect Narration
Change into indirect speech: He said, "I was reading a book."
A. He told that he had read a book.
B. He said that he had been reading a book.
C. He said that I had been reading a book.
D. He said that he was reading a book.
Correct Answer: B
Past continuous generally changes to past perfect continuous.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Direct and Indirect Narration
Change into indirect speech: The teacher said, "The earth moves around the sun."
A. The teacher told that the earth had moved around the sun.
B. The teacher said that the earth moved around the sun.
C. The teacher said that the earth is moving around the sun.
D. The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
Correct Answer: D
A universal truth normally keeps its original tense.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Direct and Indirect Narration
Change into indirect speech: He said to me, "You are honest."
A. He told that you were honest.
B. He told me that I was honest.
C. He said to me that you are honest.
D. He said me that I was honest.
Correct Answer: B
'Said to' becomes 'told' before an object; 'you' becomes 'I' according to the listener.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Direct and Indirect Narration
Change into indirect speech: Sara said, "I can solve this problem."
A. Sara said that I could solve the problem.
B. Sara said that she could solve that problem.
C. Sara told that she could solve that problem.
D. Sara said that she can solve this problem.
Correct Answer: B
'Can' changes to 'could' and 'this' changes to 'that'.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Direct and Indirect Narration
Change into indirect speech: He said, "I will help you."
A. He said that I would help him.
B. He said that he will help you.
C. He said that he would help me.
D. He told that he would help me.
Correct Answer: C
'Will' changes to 'would', and pronouns change according to speaker and listener.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Direct and Indirect Narration
Change into indirect speech: Ali said, "I went to Lahore yesterday."
A. Ali told that he had gone to Lahore tomorrow.
B. Ali said that he went to Lahore yesterday.
C. Ali said that he had gone to Lahore the previous day.
D. Ali said that I had gone to Lahore the previous day.
Correct Answer: C
Past simple generally changes to past perfect; 'yesterday' changes to 'the previous day'.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Direct and Indirect Narration
Change into indirect speech: She said, "I have completed my work."
A. She told that she had completed her work.
B. She said that she has completed her work.
C. She said that she completed my work.
D. She said that she had completed her work.
Correct Answer: D
Present perfect changes to past perfect when the reporting verb is in the past.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Direct and Indirect Narration
Change into indirect speech: He said, "I am tired."
A. He told that he was tired.
B. He said that I was tired.
C. He says that he is tired.
D. He said that he was tired.
Correct Answer: D
With a past reporting verb, present simple 'am' changes to past simple 'was', and 'I' changes according to the speaker.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Antonyms
Choose the antonym of “Arduous”.
A. Easy
B. Laborious
C. Strenuous
D. Difficult
Correct Answer: A
Arduous means difficult and tiring; easy means requiring little effort.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Antonyms
Choose the antonym of “Zenith”.
A. Nadir
B. Peak
C. Summit
D. Climax
Correct Answer: A
Zenith means the highest point; nadir means the lowest point.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Antonyms
Choose the antonym of “Wary”.
A. Cautious
B. Alert
C. Watchful
D. Trusting
Correct Answer: D
Wary means cautious and suspicious; trusting means willing to believe others.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Antonyms
Choose the antonym of “Vindicate”.
A. Condemn
B. Justify
C. Clear
D. Defend
Correct Answer: A
Vindicate means to clear from blame; condemn means to express strong disapproval.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Antonyms
Choose the antonym of “Versatile”.
A. Flexible
B. Adaptable
C. Limited
D. Multi-skilled
Correct Answer: C
Versatile means able to perform many functions; limited means restricted in range.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Antonyms
Choose the antonym of “Vacant”.
A. Unfilled
B. Available
C. Occupied
D. Empty
Correct Answer: C
Vacant means empty or unoccupied; occupied means being used or filled.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Antonyms
Choose the antonym of “Unanimous”.
A. Divided
B. United
C. Collective
D. Agreed
Correct Answer: A
Unanimous means fully agreed; divided means holding different opinions.