CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
A family-owned shop faced a practical problem: the owner mixed household expenses with business cash and could not tell whether the shop was profitable. A targeted response followed. Specifically, a separate account was created for the business and every withdrawal was recorded by purpose. After the change, monthly profit became easier to estimate and purchasing decisions relied less on guesswork. However, record keeping required discipline even during busy periods. This limitation did not erase the result; instead, it showed why separating personal and business finances improves the quality of decisions.
Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Knowing Whether the Shop Earns Money
B. Reordering Before the Shelf Is Empty
C. When Speed Is the Wrong Target
D. Learning from Delivery Times
Correct Answer: A
The best title reflects the central problem and the response discussed in the passage.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
A family-owned shop faced a practical problem: the owner mixed household expenses with business cash and could not tell whether the shop was profitable. A targeted response followed. Specifically, a separate account was created for the business and every withdrawal was recorded by purpose. After the change, monthly profit became easier to estimate and purchasing decisions relied less on guesswork. However, record keeping required discipline even during busy periods. This limitation did not erase the result; instead, it showed why separating personal and business finances improves the quality of decisions.
What does the word “profitable” most nearly mean as used in the passage?
A. the act of making information known
B. able to be expected with reasonable confidence
C. producing more income than costs
D. distributed more evenly
Correct Answer: C
In this passage, “profitable” means producing more income than costs.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
A family-owned shop faced a practical problem: the owner mixed household expenses with business cash and could not tell whether the shop was profitable. A targeted response followed. Specifically, a separate account was created for the business and every withdrawal was recorded by purpose. After the change, monthly profit became easier to estimate and purchasing decisions relied less on guesswork. However, record keeping required discipline even during busy periods. This limitation did not erase the result; instead, it showed why separating personal and business finances improves the quality of decisions.
Which inference is best supported by the passage?
A. A reasonable inference is that separating personal and business finances improves the quality of decisions.
B. Complex problems can be solved only by expensive technology rather than by changes in procedure or behaviour.
C. Because a limitation remained, the intervention should be considered completely ineffective.
D. The same intervention will produce identical results in every setting without modification.
Correct Answer: A
The passage reports an improvement together with a limitation, so the supported inference is cautious rather than absolute.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
A family-owned shop faced a practical problem: the owner mixed household expenses with business cash and could not tell whether the shop was profitable. A targeted response followed. Specifically, a separate account was created for the business and every withdrawal was recorded by purpose. After the change, monthly profit became easier to estimate and purchasing decisions relied less on guesswork. However, record keeping required discipline even during busy periods. This limitation did not erase the result; instead, it showed why separating personal and business finances improves the quality of decisions.
What action was taken in response to the problem?
A. A separate account was created for the business and every withdrawal was recorded by purpose.
B. The company tracked average usage and set reorder points for critical items.
C. Dispatchers began reviewing delivery times by route and sharing weekly congestion patterns.
D. Managers added first-contact resolution and customer feedback to the performance measures.
Correct Answer: A
The action is stated directly after the passage describes the initial problem.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
A family-owned shop faced a practical problem: the owner mixed household expenses with business cash and could not tell whether the shop was profitable. A targeted response followed. Specifically, a separate account was created for the business and every withdrawal was recorded by purpose. After the change, monthly profit became easier to estimate and purchasing decisions relied less on guesswork. However, record keeping required discipline even during busy periods. This limitation did not erase the result; instead, it showed why separating personal and business finances improves the quality of decisions.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The passage mainly argues that record keeping required discipline even during busy periods.
B. The passage proves that one intervention can remove every limitation in a complex problem.
C. The passage mainly describes staff were rewarded only for handling calls quickly, so customers often had to call again.
D. The passage shows that separating personal and business finances improves the quality of decisions.
Correct Answer: D
The main idea combines the response, its result, and the broader lesson stated in the passage.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
In a small manufacturing firm, machines were repaired only after breakdowns stopped production. Rather than treating the difficulty as unavoidable, the firm began scheduled inspections based on operating hours and kept a log of recurring faults. The change produced a noticeable result: unexpected stoppages became less frequent and spare parts could be ordered before emergencies. Yet the experience was not a perfect solution; preventive work still cost time and could not eliminate every failure. The case therefore illustrates that planned maintenance can trade small predictable costs for fewer large disruptions.
Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Knowing Whether the Shop Earns Money
B. Making Prices Easier to Compare
C. Repair Before Breakdown
D. Selling Together
Correct Answer: C
The best title reflects the central problem and the response discussed in the passage.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
In a small manufacturing firm, machines were repaired only after breakdowns stopped production. Rather than treating the difficulty as unavoidable, the firm began scheduled inspections based on operating hours and kept a log of recurring faults. The change produced a noticeable result: unexpected stoppages became less frequent and spare parts could be ordered before emergencies. Yet the experience was not a perfect solution; preventive work still cost time and could not eliminate every failure. The case therefore illustrates that planned maintenance can trade small predictable costs for fewer large disruptions.
What does the word “preventive” most nearly mean as used in the passage?
A. intended to stop a problem before it occurs
B. a place where roads or routes meet
C. checking something quickly to decide whether it meets basic requirements
D. sorting cases according to urgency
Correct Answer: A
In this passage, “preventive” means intended to stop a problem before it occurs.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
In a small manufacturing firm, machines were repaired only after breakdowns stopped production. Rather than treating the difficulty as unavoidable, the firm began scheduled inspections based on operating hours and kept a log of recurring faults. The change produced a noticeable result: unexpected stoppages became less frequent and spare parts could be ordered before emergencies. Yet the experience was not a perfect solution; preventive work still cost time and could not eliminate every failure. The case therefore illustrates that planned maintenance can trade small predictable costs for fewer large disruptions.
Which inference is best supported by the passage?
A. The same intervention will produce identical results in every setting without modification.
B. Complex problems can be solved only by expensive technology rather than by changes in procedure or behaviour.
C. A reasonable inference is that planned maintenance can trade small predictable costs for fewer large disruptions.
D. Because a limitation remained, the intervention should be considered completely ineffective.
Correct Answer: C
The passage reports an improvement together with a limitation, so the supported inference is cautious rather than absolute.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
In a small manufacturing firm, machines were repaired only after breakdowns stopped production. Rather than treating the difficulty as unavoidable, the firm began scheduled inspections based on operating hours and kept a log of recurring faults. The change produced a noticeable result: unexpected stoppages became less frequent and spare parts could be ordered before emergencies. Yet the experience was not a perfect solution; preventive work still cost time and could not eliminate every failure. The case therefore illustrates that planned maintenance can trade small predictable costs for fewer large disruptions.
What action was taken in response to the problem?
A. Consumer groups encouraged sellers to display price per kilogram alongside the package price.
B. Members pooled produce, agreed on basic quality standards, and negotiated transport together.
C. The firm began scheduled inspections based on operating hours and kept a log of recurring faults.
D. A separate account was created for the business and every withdrawal was recorded by purpose.
Correct Answer: C
The action is stated directly after the passage describes the initial problem.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
In a small manufacturing firm, machines were repaired only after breakdowns stopped production. Rather than treating the difficulty as unavoidable, the firm began scheduled inspections based on operating hours and kept a log of recurring faults. The change produced a noticeable result: unexpected stoppages became less frequent and spare parts could be ordered before emergencies. Yet the experience was not a perfect solution; preventive work still cost time and could not eliminate every failure. The case therefore illustrates that planned maintenance can trade small predictable costs for fewer large disruptions.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The passage shows that planned maintenance can trade small predictable costs for fewer large disruptions.
B. The passage mainly describes the owner mixed household expenses with business cash and could not tell whether the shop was profitable.
C. The passage proves that one intervention can remove every limitation in a complex problem.
D. The passage mainly argues that preventive work still cost time and could not eliminate every failure.
Correct Answer: A
The main idea combines the response, its result, and the broader lesson stated in the passage.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
At a busy outpatient clinic, the first sign of trouble was that patients sometimes left without understanding when to return for further care. Instead of relying only on warnings or assumptions, doctors asked patients to clarify the follow-up plan by repeating it in their own words before leaving. Afterward, misunderstandings were identified before patients left the room. The outcome was encouraging but qualified, because the method added a small amount of time to each consultation. Taken together, these details support a broader conclusion: asking people to explain instructions back can reveal confusion that a simple 'Do you understand?' may miss.
Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Recognizing Heat Stress Early
B. Answering Questions Instead of Repeating Slogans
C. Checking Understanding, Not Assuming It
D. Making Treatment Instructions Usable
Correct Answer: C
The best title reflects the central problem and the response discussed in the passage.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
At a busy outpatient clinic, the first sign of trouble was that patients sometimes left without understanding when to return for further care. Instead of relying only on warnings or assumptions, doctors asked patients to clarify the follow-up plan by repeating it in their own words before leaving. Afterward, misunderstandings were identified before patients left the room. The outcome was encouraging but qualified, because the method added a small amount of time to each consultation. Taken together, these details support a broader conclusion: asking people to explain instructions back can reveal confusion that a simple 'Do you understand?' may miss.
What does the word “clarify” most nearly mean as used in the passage?
A. make something easier to understand
B. a useful or pleasant feature of a place
C. observe something regularly to detect change
D. openness that makes processes easier to see and understand
Correct Answer: A
In this passage, “clarify” means make something easier to understand.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
At a busy outpatient clinic, the first sign of trouble was that patients sometimes left without understanding when to return for further care. Instead of relying only on warnings or assumptions, doctors asked patients to clarify the follow-up plan by repeating it in their own words before leaving. Afterward, misunderstandings were identified before patients left the room. The outcome was encouraging but qualified, because the method added a small amount of time to each consultation. Taken together, these details support a broader conclusion: asking people to explain instructions back can reveal confusion that a simple 'Do you understand?' may miss.
Which inference is best supported by the passage?
A. Complex problems can be solved only by expensive technology rather than by changes in procedure or behaviour.
B. The same intervention will produce identical results in every setting without modification.
C. A reasonable inference is that asking people to explain instructions back can reveal confusion that a simple 'Do you understand?' may miss.
D. Because a limitation remained, the intervention should be considered completely ineffective.
Correct Answer: C
The passage reports an improvement together with a limitation, so the supported inference is cautious rather than absolute.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
At a busy outpatient clinic, the first sign of trouble was that patients sometimes left without understanding when to return for further care. Instead of relying only on warnings or assumptions, doctors asked patients to clarify the follow-up plan by repeating it in their own words before leaving. Afterward, misunderstandings were identified before patients left the room. The outcome was encouraging but qualified, because the method added a small amount of time to each consultation. Taken together, these details support a broader conclusion: asking people to explain instructions back can reveal confusion that a simple 'Do you understand?' may miss.
What action was taken in response to the problem?
A. Clinicians began giving short verbal instructions reinforced by a printed schedule showing dose times and course length.
B. Health workers held small question sessions and openly discussed common side effects, benefits, and uncertainties.
C. Volunteers distributed a simple guide describing thirst, dizziness, confusion, and when to seek help.
D. Doctors asked patients to clarify the follow-up plan by repeating it in their own words before leaving.
Correct Answer: D
The action is stated directly after the passage describes the initial problem.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
At a busy outpatient clinic, the first sign of trouble was that patients sometimes left without understanding when to return for further care. Instead of relying only on warnings or assumptions, doctors asked patients to clarify the follow-up plan by repeating it in their own words before leaving. Afterward, misunderstandings were identified before patients left the room. The outcome was encouraging but qualified, because the method added a small amount of time to each consultation. Taken together, these details support a broader conclusion: asking people to explain instructions back can reveal confusion that a simple 'Do you understand?' may miss.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The passage mainly describes many patients stopped taking antibiotics once they felt better.
B. The passage mainly argues that the method added a small amount of time to each consultation.
C. The passage shows that asking people to explain instructions back can reveal confusion that a simple 'Do you understand?' may miss.
D. The passage proves that one intervention can remove every limitation in a complex problem.
Correct Answer: C
The main idea combines the response, its result, and the broader lesson stated in the passage.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
A recurring challenge emerged in a university hostel: students regularly slept too little before examinations and tried to compensate with excessive caffeine. The people responsible chose a practical intervention—the counselling unit taught planning methods that spread revision across several days and explained how sleep supports memory. This was followed by an observable improvement: some students began ending study sessions earlier and reported better concentration the next morning. Still, deadlines and anxiety still disrupted sleep for many students. The contrast between the improvement and the remaining constraint suggests that study efficiency depends on recovery as well as time spent awake.
Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Breaking Up the Sitting Day
B. Checking Understanding, Not Assuming It
C. Revision Needs Rest Too
D. A Reminder That Allows Action
Correct Answer: C
The best title reflects the central problem and the response discussed in the passage.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
A recurring challenge emerged in a university hostel: students regularly slept too little before examinations and tried to compensate with excessive caffeine. The people responsible chose a practical intervention—the counselling unit taught planning methods that spread revision across several days and explained how sleep supports memory. This was followed by an observable improvement: some students began ending study sessions earlier and reported better concentration the next morning. Still, deadlines and anxiety still disrupted sleep for many students. The contrast between the improvement and the remaining constraint suggests that study efficiency depends on recovery as well as time spent awake.
What does the word “compensate” most nearly mean as used in the passage?
A. deliberate duplication that provides a backup
B. make something less likely to change, move, or fail
C. make up for a deficiency or loss
D. the maximum amount something can contain or handle
Correct Answer: C
In this passage, “compensate” means make up for a deficiency or loss.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
A recurring challenge emerged in a university hostel: students regularly slept too little before examinations and tried to compensate with excessive caffeine. The people responsible chose a practical intervention—the counselling unit taught planning methods that spread revision across several days and explained how sleep supports memory. This was followed by an observable improvement: some students began ending study sessions earlier and reported better concentration the next morning. Still, deadlines and anxiety still disrupted sleep for many students. The contrast between the improvement and the remaining constraint suggests that study efficiency depends on recovery as well as time spent awake.
Which inference is best supported by the passage?
A. Complex problems can be solved only by expensive technology rather than by changes in procedure or behaviour.
B. The same intervention will produce identical results in every setting without modification.
C. Because a limitation remained, the intervention should be considered completely ineffective.
D. A reasonable inference is that study efficiency depends on recovery as well as time spent awake.
Correct Answer: D
The passage reports an improvement together with a limitation, so the supported inference is cautious rather than absolute.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
A recurring challenge emerged in a university hostel: students regularly slept too little before examinations and tried to compensate with excessive caffeine. The people responsible chose a practical intervention—the counselling unit taught planning methods that spread revision across several days and explained how sleep supports memory. This was followed by an observable improvement: some students began ending study sessions earlier and reported better concentration the next morning. Still, deadlines and anxiety still disrupted sleep for many students. The contrast between the improvement and the remaining constraint suggests that study efficiency depends on recovery as well as time spent awake.
What action was taken in response to the problem?
A. The office introduced two-minute movement prompts between long meetings and encouraged walking discussions for small groups.
B. Doctors asked patients to clarify the follow-up plan by repeating it in their own words before leaving.
C. The clinic added text reminders two days before appointments and included a number for rescheduling.
D. The counselling unit taught planning methods that spread revision across several days and explained how sleep supports memory.
Correct Answer: D
The action is stated directly after the passage describes the initial problem.
CSS - PMS - Precis & Composition
Comprehension
Read the passage and answer the question.
A recurring challenge emerged in a university hostel: students regularly slept too little before examinations and tried to compensate with excessive caffeine. The people responsible chose a practical intervention—the counselling unit taught planning methods that spread revision across several days and explained how sleep supports memory. This was followed by an observable improvement: some students began ending study sessions earlier and reported better concentration the next morning. Still, deadlines and anxiety still disrupted sleep for many students. The contrast between the improvement and the remaining constraint suggests that study efficiency depends on recovery as well as time spent awake.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The passage mainly argues that deadlines and anxiety still disrupted sleep for many students.
B. The passage shows that study efficiency depends on recovery as well as time spent awake.
C. The passage mainly describes patients sometimes left without understanding when to return for further care.
D. The passage proves that one intervention can remove every limitation in a complex problem.
Correct Answer: B
The main idea combines the response, its result, and the broader lesson stated in the passage.