CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
The primary balance excludes:
A. Interest payments
B. Tax revenue
C. Development spending
D. Provincial transfers
Correct Answer: A
The primary balance measures the fiscal position before interest costs.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
A fiscal deficit occurs when government expenditure exceeds:
A. Government revenue
B. Exports
C. Bank deposits
D. Foreign reserves only
Correct Answer: A
The deficit is the gap between public expenditure and revenue.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
Cost-push inflation can result from:
A. Higher energy and input costs
B. Falling production costs
C. Improved logistics only
D. Lower indirect taxes
Correct Answer: A
Higher costs can be passed into consumer prices.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
Demand-pull inflation can occur when:
A. Aggregate demand exceeds productive capacity
B. Demand collapses
C. Productivity rises faster than wages
D. Imports become cheaper
Correct Answer: A
Excess demand can bid up prices.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
Core inflation generally excludes:
A. Highly volatile food and energy components
B. All services
C. All manufactured goods
D. All housing costs
Correct Answer: A
Core measures seek to identify persistent underlying inflation.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
Month-on-month inflation compares a month with:
A. The immediately preceding month
B. The same month five years earlier
C. The annual budget
D. The census year
Correct Answer: A
MoM inflation captures the change from the previous month.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
Year-on-year inflation compares prices with:
A. The same month of the previous year
B. The previous week only
C. The fiscal deficit
D. The exchange rate target
Correct Answer: A
YoY inflation compares a month with the corresponding month one year earlier.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
CPI measures changes in the cost of:
A. A representative basket of consumer goods and services
B. Only exports
C. Only capital goods
D. Only government salaries
Correct Answer: A
CPI weights prices according to household consumption patterns.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
Pakistan's headline inflation is commonly measured by the:
A. Consumer Price Index
B. Stock index
C. Tax-to-GDP ratio
D. Policy rate only
Correct Answer: A
PBS uses CPI to measure changes in consumer prices.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
Inflation is a sustained increase in the:
A. General price level
B. Output of one factory only
C. Number of provinces
D. Rainfall level
Correct Answer: A
Inflation refers to a broad and continuing rise in prices.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
Tourism can contribute to the economy through:
A. Employment, services exports and local demand
B. Only public debt
C. Only crop output
D. Only currency printing
Correct Answer: A
Tourism supports accommodation, transport, food, retail and foreign-exchange earnings.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
Remittances directly support Pakistan's external account by:
A. Supplying foreign exchange
B. Increasing imports without financing
C. Reducing exports
D. Closing banks
Correct Answer: A
Workers' remittances are a major source of foreign-currency inflows.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
Branchless and digital banking can improve inclusion by:
A. Lowering access and transaction barriers
B. Closing payment systems
C. Ending mobile use
D. Raising travel distance
Correct Answer: A
Mobile wallets, agents and digital accounts can reach customers beyond branches.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
Financial inclusion means expanding access to:
A. Useful and affordable financial services
B. Only luxury imports
C. Only stock speculation
D. Only foreign aid
Correct Answer: A
Inclusion covers payments, savings, credit and insurance for underserved groups.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
E-commerce enables businesses to:
A. Buy and sell through digital platforms
B. Eliminate all logistics
C. Avoid every law
D. Print currency
Correct Answer: A
Digital platforms connect firms and consumers and can widen market access.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
IT and IT-enabled service exports are recorded mainly under:
A. Services exports
B. Agriculture
C. Mining
D. Customs duties
Correct Answer: A
Software, telecom and digitally delivered services form part of services trade.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
Diversifying exports helps Pakistan by:
A. Reducing dependence on a few products and markets
B. Eliminating foreign exchange
C. Increasing external vulnerability
D. Ending industrialization
Correct Answer: A
More products, destinations and value addition improve resilience.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
Pakistan's largest traditional merchandise export category is:
A. Textiles and apparel
B. Aircraft
C. Crude oil
D. Automobiles
Correct Answer: A
Textiles and clothing account for a major share of goods exports.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
Market capitalization is the market value of:
A. Listed companies' outstanding shares
B. All government buildings
C. Agricultural land only
D. Currency notes only
Correct Answer: A
It equals share price multiplied by shares outstanding across listed firms.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1947 - Present - Economy - Economy of PakistanSectors and Indicators
A bond or sukuk generally represents:
A. A financing instrument
B. A population census
C. A crop variety
D. A trade embargo
Correct Answer: A
Debt securities and sukuk raise funds for issuers under specified terms.