CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
For 1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendmet, which option correctly gives the "parliamentary effect"?
A. It increased presidential leverage over elected governments
B. From parliamentary supremacy toward a stronger presidency
C. Validated them constitutionally
D. Non-party basis
Correct Answer: A
Parliamentary effect: It increased presidential leverage over elected governments. The power was used repeatedly to dismiss governments between 1988 and 1996.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
For 1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendmet, which option correctly gives the "validation"?
A. It increased presidential leverage over elected governments
B. Non-party basis
C. Validated them constitutionally
D. From parliamentary supremacy toward a stronger presidency
Correct Answer: C
Validation: Validated them constitutionally. It provided constitutional protection to a range of laws and measures taken during the martial-law period.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
For 1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendmet, which option correctly gives the "dissolution power"?
A. Article 25A
B. Article 2A
C. Article 58(2)(b)
D. Article 140A
Correct Answer: C
Dissolution power: Article 58(2)(b). Article 58(2)(b) authorized presidential dissolution under specified conditions.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
For 1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendmet, which option correctly gives the "president"?
A. General Zia-ul-Haq
B. Farooq Leghari
C. Muhammad Khan Junejo
D. Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Correct Answer: A
President: General Zia-ul-Haq. The amendment constitutionalized important elements of Zia's political order.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
For 1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendmet, which option correctly gives the "year"?
A. 1990
B. 1985
C. 1975
D. 1995
Correct Answer: B
Year: 1985. The Eighth Amendment was enacted in 1985 during General Zia-ul-Haq's rule.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
The Eighth Amendment is most closely associated with what shift in constitutional balance?
A. Validated them constitutionally
B. Non-party basis
C. From parliamentary supremacy toward a stronger presidency
D. It increased presidential leverage over elected governments
Correct Answer: C
It created a semi-presidential imbalance within the parliamentary framework.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
The Eighth Amendment was enacted after elections held on what basis in 1985?
A. From parliamentary supremacy toward a stronger presidency
B. Non-party basis
C. It increased presidential leverage over elected governments
D. Validated them constitutionally
Correct Answer: B
The 1985 elections were held without formal party labels.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
Which article linked to the Objectives Resolution was inserted in the Constitution during the 1985 changes?
A. Article 239
B. Article 2A
C. Article 63A
D. Article 58(2)(b)
Correct Answer: B
Article 2A made the Objectives Resolution substantive constitutional text.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
Which amendment again removed the President's unilateral dissolution power in 2010?
A. Eighteenth Amendment
B. Seventeenth Amendment
C. Thirteenth Amendment
D. Eighth Amendment
Correct Answer: A
The Eighteenth Amendment restored a more parliamentary balance.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
Which amendment later restored a modified presidential dissolution power under Musharraf?
A. Seventeenth Amendment
B. Eighteenth Amendment
C. Twentieth Amendment
D. Thirteenth Amendment
Correct Answer: A
The Seventeenth Amendment restored Article 58(2)(b) in a modified constitutional arrangement.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
Which amendment removed Article 58(2)(b) in 1997?
A. Eighteenth Amendment
B. Seventeenth Amendment
C. Thirteenth Amendment
D. Twenty-first Amendment
Correct Answer: C
The Thirteenth Amendment curtailed the President's power to dissolve the National Assembly.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
Which President dismissed Benazir Bhutto's second government in 1996?
A. General Zia-ul-Haq
B. Ghulam Ishaq Khan
C. Farooq Leghari
D. Muhammad Khan Junejo
Correct Answer: C
President Farooq Leghari used Article 58(2)(b) in November 1996.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
Which President used the same power against Nawaz Sharif's government in 1993 before the Supreme Court restored it?
A. Muhammad Khan Junejo
B. Ghulam Ishaq Khan
C. General Zia-ul-Haq
D. Farooq Leghari
Correct Answer: B
The Supreme Court restored Nawaz Sharif's government after the 1993 dissolution.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
Which President used Article 58(2)(b) to dismiss Benazir Bhutto's first government in 1990?
A. Farooq Leghari
B. Muhammad Khan Junejo
C. General Zia-ul-Haq
D. Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Correct Answer: D
President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismissed the PPP government in August 1990.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
Which Prime Minister was dismissed by Zia in 1988 using presidential powers?
A. Muhammad Khan Junejo
B. Ghulam Ishaq Khan
C. General Zia-ul-Haq
D. Farooq Leghari
Correct Answer: A
Zia dissolved the National Assembly and dismissed Junejo's government in May 1988.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
What was the practical effect of Article 58(2)(b) on Pakistan's parliamentary system?
A. Non-party basis
B. Validated them constitutionally
C. From parliamentary supremacy toward a stronger presidency
D. It increased presidential leverage over elected governments
Correct Answer: D
The power was used repeatedly to dismiss governments between 1988 and 1996.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
What did the amendment broadly do to many martial-law era orders and actions?
A. Validated them constitutionally
B. It increased presidential leverage over elected governments
C. Non-party basis
D. From parliamentary supremacy toward a stronger presidency
Correct Answer: A
It provided constitutional protection to a range of laws and measures taken during the martial-law period.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
Which constitutional provision became famous for empowering the President to dissolve the National Assembly?
A. Article 140A
B. Article 2A
C. Article 58(2)(b)
D. Article 19A
Correct Answer: C
Article 58(2)(b) authorized presidential dissolution under specified conditions.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
Which President was the principal beneficiary of the Eighth Amendment's strengthened presidential powers?
A. Farooq Leghari
B. General Zia-ul-Haq
C. Ghulam Ishaq Khan
D. Muhammad Khan Junejo
Correct Answer: B
The amendment constitutionalized important elements of Zia's political order.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - Pakistan Affairs (P.A)
1985 - Constitutional History - 8th Constitutional Amendment
In which year was Pakistan's Eighth Constitutional Amendment enacted?
A. 1985
B. 1984
C. 1975
D. 1980
Correct Answer: A
The Eighth Amendment was enacted in 1985 during General Zia-ul-Haq's rule.