CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
Vitamin B6 is especially important in:
A. Amino acid metabolism
B. Calcium deposition only
C. Iodine absorption
D. Vitamin D synthesis in skin
Correct Answer: A
A is correct because PLP-dependent enzymes are central to transamination, decarboxylation and other amino-acid reactions.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
The principal active coenzyme form of vitamin B6 is:
A. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)
B. FAD
C. THF
D. TPP
Correct Answer: A
A is correct because pyridoxal phosphate is the main active coenzyme form of vitamin B6.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
Vitamin B6 refers to compounds including:
A. Pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine
B. Retinol and retinal
C. Calciferol and calcitriol
D. Tocopherol and tocotrienol only
Correct Answer: A
A is correct because vitamin B6 includes pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine derivatives.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
Deficiency of pantothenic acid is considered rare mainly because it is:
A. Widely distributed in foods
B. Made only by sunlight
C. Stored for decades in bone
D. Not required by humans
Correct Answer: A
A is correct because pantothenic acid is widely present in foods, making isolated deficiency uncommon.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
Pantothenic acid is an essential component of:
A. Coenzyme A
B. Rhodopsin
C. Thyroxine
D. Hemoglobin heme only
Correct Answer: A
A is correct because pantothenic acid forms part of coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein, which are central to acyl-group metabolism.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
Vitamin B5 is known as:
A. Pantothenic acid
B. Pyridoxine
C. Folate
D. Cobalamin
Correct Answer: A
A is correct. Vitamin B5 is pantothenic acid.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
High-dose nicotinic acid may cause which characteristic adverse effect?
A. Flushing
B. Night blindness
C. Rickets
D. Scurvy
Correct Answer: A
A is correct because pharmacologic niacin commonly causes prostaglandin-mediated flushing; it may also affect liver function and glucose/uric acid metabolism.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
The classic '3 Ds' of pellagra are:
A. Dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia
B. Deafness, diplopia and dysphagia
C. Dermatitis, diabetes and dyspnea
D. Diarrhea, dehydration and deafness
Correct Answer: A
A is correct. Pellagra classically presents with dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia; untreated severe disease may progress to death.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
Pellagra is caused chiefly by deficiency of:
A. Niacin
B. Vitamin K
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: A
A is correct because niacin deficiency causes pellagra.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
The amino acid that can be converted in the body to niacin is:
A. Tryptophan
B. Glycine
C. Alanine
D. Aspartate
Correct Answer: A
A is correct because tryptophan can be converted to niacin, although the conversion is limited and requires other nutrients.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
Niacin is a precursor of:
A. NAD and NADP
B. FAD and FMN
C. Coenzyme A only
D. Thiamine pyrophosphate
Correct Answer: A
A is correct because niacin forms the redox coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
Vitamin B3 is commonly known as:
A. Niacin
B. Biotin
C. Folate
D. Cobalamin
Correct Answer: A
A is correct. Vitamin B3 refers to niacin, including nicotinic acid and nicotinamide.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
Which vitamin is unusually sensitive to light, making milk storage away from strong light desirable?
A. Riboflavin
B. Vitamin K
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin A
Correct Answer: A
A is correct because riboflavin is light sensitive and can degrade when exposed to light.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
A classic sign of riboflavin deficiency is:
A. Angular cheilitis
B. Rickets
C. Night blindness
D. Bleeding tendency
Correct Answer: A
A is correct because riboflavin deficiency can cause angular stomatitis/cheilitis, glossitis and dermatitis.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
Riboflavin is a precursor of which coenzymes?
A. FAD and FMN
B. NAD and NADP
C. TPP and CoA
D. PLP and THF
Correct Answer: A
A is correct because riboflavin forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), key redox coenzymes.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
Vitamin B2 is called:
A. Riboflavin
B. Thiamine
C. Niacin
D. Folate
Correct Answer: A
A is correct. Vitamin B2 is riboflavin.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
In a severely malnourished patient, thiamine should generally be given before or with glucose to reduce risk of:
A. Wernicke encephalopathy
B. Scurvy
C. Rickets
D. Night blindness
Correct Answer: A
A is correct because glucose metabolism increases thiamine demand and can precipitate Wernicke encephalopathy in a deficient patient.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
Wernicke encephalopathy is classically associated with deficiency of:
A. Thiamine
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin A
Correct Answer: A
A is correct. Severe thiamine deficiency, particularly in chronic alcohol misuse or malnutrition, can produce Wernicke encephalopathy.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
Beriberi results from deficiency of:
A. Thiamine (B1)
B. Riboflavin (B2)
C. Niacin (B3)
D. Biotin (B7)
Correct Answer: A
A is correct because thiamine deficiency causes beriberi. Dry beriberi mainly affects nerves, while wet beriberi involves cardiovascular failure.
CSS - PMS - CCE - PCS - General Science
Vitamins
Thiamine is especially important in metabolism of:
A. Carbohydrates
B. Iodine
C. Cholesterol only
D. Bile pigments
Correct Answer: A
A is correct because thiamine-dependent enzymes are central to carbohydrate and energy metabolism.